Highrise Building Construction Points

High-rise buildings are impressive feats of engineering and architecture. They are some of the largest and most complex constructions of mankind, and they represent the ultimate achievement in vertical urbanization. High-rise buildings serve many purposes, from commercial offices to residential apartments to mixed-use spaces that combine different functions. In this article, we will explore the various aspects of high-rise building construction, from design and planning to materials and techniques.

Design and Planning

High-rise building construction begins with the concept and the idea. The design process involves numerous stakeholders, including architects, structural engineers, mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, and others. The main objective of the design phase is to create a building that is aesthetically pleasing, functional, and safe. The design must also take into account the surrounding environment, including the local climate, the natural features, and the urban context.

The planning phase involves the preparation of detailed drawings and specifications for the building, as well as the approval of permits and licenses from local authorities. The planning phase also includes the development of a construction schedule and budget.

Site Preparation

Site preparation is the next step in high-rise building construction. This involves the clearing of the site, excavation, and the installation of foundation and footings. The excavation process is critical, as it will determine the stability and strength of the foundation. The foundation system may consist of reinforced concrete footings, pile foundations, or other types of structures, depending on the geological conditions of the site.

Structural System

Structural system is the backbone of any high-rise building. The structural system must be designed to support the weight of the building, as well as the loads imposed by wind, seismic activity, and other external factors. The structural system includes load-bearing walls, columns, beams, and floors. The choice of structural system depends on a variety of factors, including the height of the building, the local climate, the material used, and the overall design.

Materials

The choice of materials is critical in high-rise building construction. The materials must be strong, durable, and able to withstand the rigors of vertical construction. Some of the most common materials used in high-rise building construction include concrete, steel, glass, and composite materials. Each material has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on the specific requirements of the building.

Construction Techniques

Construction techniques for high-rise buildings are sophisticated and complex. They involve the use of cranes, scaffolding, and other specialized equipment. High-rise buildings are usually built in sections, with the lower floors constructed first, followed by the upper floors. This allows for better control of the construction process, as well as improved safety.

Safety Measures

Safety is of the utmost importance in high-rise building construction. The construction site must be secured to prevent accidents and unauthorized access. Workers must undergo extensive safety training and be equipped with proper safety gear. Additionally, the building must be designed to meet strict safety codes and regulations, including fire, earthquake, and wind resistance.

Conclusion

High-rise building construction is a complex and challenging process that requires extensive planning, design, and execution. From the concept stage to the final touches, every aspect of the building must be carefully considered and executed to ensure safety, functionality, and style. In conclusion, high-rise building construction is a mesmerizing and awe-inspiring engineering endeavor that is constantly evolving and pushing the boundaries of what is possible.

Team

CBEC India

Earthquake - The Oldest Ememy of Human Beings

Earthquake

The Name we listening daily aftwr happened in Turkey few days ago.

more than 14000 human beings lost their lives, lit of innocent people dies in mid night while sleeping as well as more than 20 billion financial loss of both as per some financial institutions.

Lot of heartbreaking stories and videos are spread in social media.

but can we and our government's taken this seriously?

This is big question?

We are daily claims we are upgraded, we update technologies, some of brilliant people's are trying to start new lives go on Moon and Marse.

But really is it needed for now?,

if still we are fully uneducated about our mother Earth?

You doesn't know about Mother Earth and Thinking about Marse and Moon, you know, It is really funny....

In single Earthquake thousands of people's are lost there lives then why we need to think on another planet.

We need to be make our technology protect our lives first at our home planet and think about other.

But After we claiming the technology is updated then How these happened?

All world is accepted that concrete houses are durable and safe. this is true but the thing is what we can update after this things happened.

Construction : 

All builder and developers on earth are claims that building is Earthquake proof structure only for sales purpose.

Before that analyze, all should think are we really build earthquake proof homes?

Who can did Audit on it?

what technology are we using to claims that structure is earthquake proof structure?

actually, Everyone is giving false commitments, flase claims. and any way all countries government's and goverment officers are not that much aware to serious ness of that things, due to this everyone is taking advantage of it.

Why all can not be able to understand that they are spending millions and billions of funds to build new buildings, but why they are really not working on real earthquake proof structures?

This questions reaised due to Some building still get stand in good position and some building get down from foundation without break single glass of building.

So, this is proven that concrete structure are strong but we need to work on foundation of building.

Actually some of scientists are working on it, and some civil structural engineers are aslo doing some practical of earthquake proof structure design.

Actually they are working on Joint of Foundation and Building.

This is the major affected part of any structure. if scientists and structural engineers get solutions on it, all counties government should be do it compulsory for all buildings.

This thing can be change the pictures.

Technology

Lot of peoples are claims that technologies are updated but we Earth given a chance to correct it.

Why human can do the updated technology if He can not be use to save his life?

The new technology of earthquake resistance structure is to make movable joint at Foundation and Main structure joint.

Scientist are doing research on it that to make prove this technology.

The main challenge is now a days we are already build more that 800 meters structure,

Think once, what will happen at this highrise building area, like New yark, Tokyo, Bijing, Singapore, Mumbai, Sydney, Melbourne, etc.

So actually this is very serious matter and all countries governments are keep away to adopt or upgrade new technology to reduce the risk of earthquake.

Earthquake Frequency Identification

On social media there are million of graphs, Predictions, and lot of articles arw viral about the frequency of earthquake is 7.8 Richter Scale.

Some of University are add this chapter for study but 

Can they study to fine solution to know the earthquake sign before 24 hrs. or 

how can we build 100% earthquake proof buildings?

No, one will take this initiative until some bigger worldclass celebrity lost there lives in any earthquake.

What technology We need to study?

Scientist Need to study on following things,

1. Firstly on the technology to avoid the collapse of building or structure. 

because practically we can not possible to avoid the Earthquake.

2. Make new technology which can be give us accurate prediction of Earthquake before minimum 24-48 hrs. because atleast we can save our lives.

3. Make new technology to check the structure is earthquake proof or not.

4. Make new technology affordable to everyone so anyone can use this without any compulsion.

Team

CBEC

Hand Railing Fabrication Work - Standard Operating Procedure

Introduction:

This standard operating procedure enumerates the scope of Fabrication work to be executed in Tower area as specified in the approved drawings and at places when instructed by the Tower-in-charge.

Responsibility: 

The respective Tower-in-charge is responsible to execute the work as per procedure.

Safety & protection:

PPEs like safety belts at height, helmets, safety goggles, ear plugs and hand gloves etc. should be used properly. 

Ensure the working area is kept clean for easy access.

Proper illumination to be provided during the work, if required.

Educate the workmen through pep-talk meeting. 

Hand Railing:

 

Preparatory Work:  

Check the material received at site is as per approved drawing and specifications.

Any member should be made up of full length. Do not accept railing with individual member made up by jointing two or more pieces by welding.

Check the filing of all welded joints is done correctly, welding burr is removed completely.

Check the top level of finish face of upward lump or beam where it is to be fitted. It should be in level with mild slope toward inside of terrace. 

Do correction for level required if any.

Place the railing in position with bushing (The minimum 12mm bush should be used), align it and mark the holes locations on wall and at sill for drilling.

Drill the holes at correct location.

Work Method:

Place the railing in position with bushing of correct size.

Use Pentagon nylon screws 10 x 125 mm to fix the railing on top of upward lump or beam.

For anchoring in wall use nut type Hilti Expansion fastener of 10 x 115 along with Hilti HVU M12 x 110 anchor adhesive capsule.

Check the depth of the hole drilled in wall by inserting fastener in it and mark it on fastener.

Clean the whole completely with blower and insert the Hilti HVU M12 x 110 anchor adhesive capsule in it.

To drive the anchor into hole, apply moderate pressure with rotary hammer drill. Switch off the hammer drill once the depth mark on anchor is reached.

Do check for its alignment after installation.

Do check for any visible damages to railing after completion of work

Team

CBECINDIA

What is the Reason of collapse of Morbi Foot Suspension Bridge in Gujrat?

 Introduction. 

More than a 100-year-old suspension bridge over the Machchhu River in Gujarat's Morbi district of Gujarat, 

located 300 km from the state capital Gandhinagar. Jhulto Pul (Hanging Bridge) was a 230m long, 1.25m wide pedestrian suspension bridge over the Machchhu River, built during British rule in India in the 19th century. It was inaugurated on 20th February 1879. It collapsed on Sunday(30.10.2022 at 6:30 PM). Officials have not yet confirmed how many people were on the bridge when tragedy struck, but estimates between 400 and 500 people while it had a capacity of only 125. Around 600 tickets were sold at Rs 17 per 

person. As many as 141 people have been reported dead so far, while two are missing and More than 177 people have been rescued, the police said. The century-old cable suspension bridge, which had reopened five days ago after extensive repairs and renovation for seven months, collapsed into the river, sending hundreds 

plunging into the water. Search and rescue operations are underway. An investigation panel has, meanwhile, been formed to probe the incident. Besides, ex-gratia of Rs 2 lakh for the kin of the deceased and Rs 50,000 for the injured have been announced. 

 

Background. 

The bridge is owned by Morbi municipality, which signed a contract with the private trust Oreva for maintenance and operations a few months prior. A Morbi-based company, Ajanta Manufacturing Pvt Ltd., had also been awarded a 15-year contract for the maintenance and management of the bridge. The toll bridge 

reopened on 26 October 2022 on the occasion of the Gujarati New Year, after being closed for repairs for six months. 

According to initial reports, the bridge was reopened ahead of schedule after repairs and without the required fitness certificate from the local civic authorities. It had more than 500 people on it while it had a capacity of only 125. The chief officer of the municipality, who had given the contract for repairs after the 2001 earthquake, said the private firm responsible for the renovations "threw the bridge open to visitors without notifying us, and therefore, we couldn't get a safety audit of the bridge conducted. 

On 30 October 2022, four days after reopening, the bridge collapsed at 6:30 p.m. Security footage of the 

bridge showed the structure shaking violently and people holding onto cables and fencing on either side of 

the bridge before the walkway gave way. Later imaging showed the walkway had divided at the mid-point, with some pieces still hanging from snapped cables, during rescue operations. A survivor claimed there were too many people on the bridge and they could barely move, and that some victims were crushed by pieces of the bridge. Five teams from the National Disaster Response Force started rescue operations. Later they were joined by Army, Navy and Air Force staff. Police, military and disaster response teams were deployed for rescue operations. At least 141 people were confirmed dead, and more than 180 were rescued, with many still missing. A large number of the victims were teens, women and the elderly. The victims include 47 children. 

Nine Arrested. FIR Against Maintenance Agencies. 

The bridge was under repair for the past seven months and had reopened just four days before the tragic incident took place 0n 26 Oct 2022. The police have arrested nine people in connection with the bridge collapse incident. Earlier, it registered an FIR on charges of culpable homicide against agencies given the task of maintenance and operation of the bridge. 

City-based clocks and e-bike maker Oreva Group was given the contract for the renovation and operation of the bridge. Morbi Superintendent of Police (SP) Rahul Tripathi said some people have been called for preliminary questioning after the registration of the FIR on Sunday. After the completion of the maintenance, the agency opened the bridge to the public on October 26. As per the FIR, the incident took place because of the "callous approach" of the agency people. The FIR further stated that persons concerned 

or agencies did not pay attention to the quality of maintenance as well as repair work of the bridge. 

Police in the Indian state of Gujarat has arrested nine people in connection with the collapse of a pedestrian bridge that killed at least 141 people. Four of those detained are employees of a firm contracted to maintain the bridge in the town of Morbi. Hundreds were on the structure when it gave way, sending people screaming for help into the river below in the dark. Hopes of finding more survivors are fading. Many children, women and elderly people are among the dead. "Of these nine, two work as managers, while two work as ticket booking clerks [all employed by Oreva] at the bridge site," he told a news conference. The other five accused include two people contracted to repair the structure, as well as security personnel at the bridge. There was no immediate response from Oreva to news of the arrests. A five-member committee was formed by the Government of Gujarat to investigate and determine the cause Eight people have been investigated over the incident. Nine people were arrested for their connections to the incident. 

Suspension Bridge.

The Suspension Bridge, an engineering marvel built at the turn of the century, reflects the progressive and scientific nature of the rulers of Morbi. 

The suspension bridge is a unique bridge with overhead cables supporting its roadway called a span. Longer the span, the more it will hang. Usually, it is made over water, since building support pillars is not easy and disturbs water traffic like ships etc. Not that it is not safe. Rather, they take less time and cost to build, so they are a better option for building bridges. The load on the bridge depends on the length of the span, which is used as roadways and the tensile strength of cables. Load capacity can be increased up to an extent with suspension cables but overhauling it completely would require making changes in structural design. This was built to give a unique identity to Morbi using the latest technology available in those days, in Europe. It is 1.25 m wide and spans 233 m on the Machchhu River connecting Darbargadh Palace and Lakhdhirji Engineering College. 

History of Morbi Suspension Bridge.

The Morbi suspension bridge is one of the tourist attractions in the district and was installed in the British era. It was built to give a unique identity to the place. The bridge was built in the reign of Waghjee Thakor, who ruled over it from 1879 till 1948. Among other construction work 

that he oversaw during his rule, Waghjee Thakor's Mani Mandir is considered to be the 'symbol of love' and is a popular tourist spot. It was constructed using the latest technology that was available at the time. It is 1.25 m wide and spans 233 m. The structure was inspired by the Colonial influence and was built to connect 

Darbargadh Palace with Nazarbag Palace (the residences of the then royalty) at that time. People on Bridge. Activities Under the Bridge. Collapse of Bridge. 

 

Possible Reasons Behind the Mishap. 

An investigation into the suspension bridge collapse has already begun. The Morbi bridge collapse might have been a result of major lapses by the authorities responsible for the renovation of the more-than-acentury-old bridge. 

Possible reasons that led to the mishap are: 

(a) Oreva group, which was awarded the contract to maintain and manage the bridge by the Morbi municipality, reportedly had no experience in the construction business. While the firm specialises in CFL bulbs, wall clocks, and e-bikes, it is unknown how it managed to get the contract to maintain an over-100-

year-old bridge. Concerns have also been raised about whether safety checks were carried out before the bridge was reopened. 

(b) The bridge in Morbi, Gujarat, was reopened five days ago, after extensive repairs and renovation. It was closed for seven months for renovation and was allegedly reopened five months ahead of schedule. 

(c) Apparently, the local authorities had not issued a fitness certificate before the reopening of the bridge. 

The private contractor, the Oreva group, didn't take any clearance from us for the reopening of the bridge (local municipal body). The local municipal body said that no final inspection was carried out as the privatecompany didn't inform us that the bridge was being reopened. There was no fitness certificate or permission given by the local municipal body to reopen the bridge. 

(d) Around 600 tickets were sold at Rs 17 per person. This suggested that there were "too many people" on the bridge, which possibly led to the collapse. No crowd-control measures were taken. 

(e) An Oreva group said that the bridge collapsed as too many people in the mid-section of the bridge were trying to sway it from one way to the other. 

(f) The municipal chief officer has said that earlier only 25 people were allowed on the bridge post this latest renovation. The capacity of the bridge was supposed to increase. But the contractor didn't mention to what margin the capacity was to be increased." 

(g) The CCTV video capturing the incident shows people standing on the suspension bridge with some of them seeming to deliberately shake it. This may have added unnecessary load on the structure causing the thick cables to snap in places. A few moments later, the bridge is seen collapsing, killing. People jumped on the suspension bride. 

(h) Suspension bridges are not only subjected to dead load but also to a dynamic load of wind and of people 

(who in the instant case were dancing and rejoicing on it). The latter can create resonance increasing the amplitude of the vibrations and breaking the suspension cables. One cable-break causes cascading effect for the entire bridge to come down. Remember childhood science classes - why do soldiers break-taal while crossing bridges? 

Rescuers Searched for Survivors at Night. On Monday (30.10.2022), a dozen boats with members of the national and state disaster response teams searched for survivors while divers from the Indian navy were on standby, reported BBC Gujarati's Roxy Gagdekar at the scene. Four cranes were deployed to pull out the 

bridge wreckage and rescuers looked for bodies trapped underneath. Distressed relatives searched for their loved ones and as the hours passed, their desperation grew. After the incident, dozens were seen clinging onto the wreckage as emergency teams attempted to rescue them. Some survivors clambered up the bridge's 

broken netting, and others managed to swim to the river banks. Early on Monday morning, rescuers made an opening in a small dam on the river, about 500 metres downstream, to reduce the water flow. The bridge above the dam was packed with people, waiting to hear news of their loved ones. 

Responsibilities of the Government, Administrative and Citizens. 

(a) The Gujrat Government is blaming the maintenance company, the easiest thing to do is make someone a scapegoat to wash their mismanagement in the public's eyes. It was re-opened without due approval, as Gujrat Government officials are stating. The question is, was the administration a sitting duck? Then there's a claim that 600 people were allowed on the bridge instead of 150, this was itself catastrophic. 

(b) Are we making our citizens responsible with the right education? One family shared that when they senses the vibration is unusual, they returned in spite of having the ticket and saved their life. Whether it was mentioned that only 100 people capacity is there. If yes, can we ourselves refrain from exceeding it? 

(c) No safety or design audit post repairs. Civil structures rarely get safety-audited. There's no agency for it. 

Us Indians have a short memory, there will be a hue and cry for a few days and then we will forget till the next mishap occurs. Definitely ropes of this more than century-old bridge must not have been changed - only cosmetic changes must have been made by painting. None must have tested the ropes with NDT either - deep-down corrosion must have reduced the load-bearing strength of the suspension ropes. 

(d) As per the unconfirmed reports coming, the contract was awarded to a watch company on a nomination basis that subcontracted to a small engineering firm. One can well imagine the type of renovation expected from this process where a fitness certificate was not obtained. Only a reputed construction company with a good track record should have handled this type of project. 

(e) It has been noticed that wires are rusted. The stays which prevent overturning were missing. The cross 

bracings which provide strength to the deck slab are also missing. The work is done under the supervision of Municipal Engineers not qualified in bridge engineering. The contractor was not qualified for such type of bridge repair 

Summary. 

On one side Engineers have built the world's tallest rail bridge over Chenab at Pamban, Kashmir as an Engineering marvel. At the same time, Engineers made a blunder in Mobri bridge that cost more than 141 life is a shameful act to our fraternity. We need to be more careful and vigilant at all times. Loss of even a single life is unacceptable. Competency in our profession and social responsibilities are very important. 

Report from...

Structural Civil Engineer 

Window Grill Fabrication Work - Standard Operating Procedure

Introduction:

This standard operating procedure enumerates the scope of Fabrication work to be executed    in Tower area as specified in the approved drawings and at places when instructed by the Tower-in-charge.

Responsibility: 

The respective Tower-in-charge is responsible to execute the work as per procedure.

Safety & protection:

PPEs like safety belts at height, helmets, safety goggles, ear plugs and hand gloves etc. should be used properly. 

Ensure the working area is kept clean for easy access.

Proper illumination to be provided during the work, if required.

Educate the workmen through pep-talk meeting. 

 

Window Grill:

 

Preparatory Work:  

Do check grills received for fixing are as per approved drawing and specification.

Do check filing of welded joints, welding burr and voids at joint should not be visible.

Powder coating should have a smooth finish and no marks of grinding should be visible on it.

Internal members of grill (round bars) should be in straight line and it should be placed neatly in the holes of main frame with tight joints from inside visible area and it should be tack welded from external face.

Grill should not have additional or extra holes other than specified on its main frame.

Check the opening dimension of jamb where grill to be fitted, place the grill in position and use bush of specified size, do align it to correct alignment and mark the points on jamb where drilling to be done.

Drill the holes at mark location as per the depth of SS screw which will go inside of it and put rawl plugs inside of it. Holes should be made perfectly perpendicular to jamb face to ensure screwing correctly and flat had of screw sits fully on top of main frame.

In case while drilling holes if sill is damaged, then first replace the sill and again drill new holes on it.

Position the grill in place and check its alignment.

Drill the 3 long SS screw through the hole and ensure its flat head is fully in contact with main frame.

After installation check for its alignment and do check for any visible damages on it.

Aluminium Window Work - Standard Operating Procedures

Introduction:

This standard operating procedure enumerates the scope of Aluminium window work to be executed in Tower area as specified in the approved drawings and at places when instructed by the Tower-in-charge.

Responsibility:  

The respective Tower-in-charge is responsible to execute the work as per procedure.

Safety & protection:

PPEs like safety belts at height, helmets, safety goggles, ear plugs and hand gloves etc. should be used properly. 

Ensure the working area is kept clean for easy access.

Proper illumination to be provided during the work, if required.

Educate the workmen through pep-talk meeting. 

Preparatory works:

 Check the Aluminium sections and accessories received at site are as per specification and approved drawing.

 Do check for any visual defects / damages such as dents, bends and damages to powder coating.

 Do check opening jamb finish where window is to be fitted.

 Deviation shall be within the tolerance limit.

For Sill and Soffit

+/- 2mm in level

For Vertical Jamb

+/- 2mm in Plumb

 Correct the jambs before starting aluminium works, if required.

 Variation in track size and window opening should not be more than 5mm.

 All sections of Aluminium should be pre-cut and do not allow cutting of members at site.

Window Track Fixing:

 Assemble the track near fixing area and do check all joints for tightness and alignment.

 Make drain holes in track

 Tracks should be place in the position. Do alignment by fixing plastic shims beneath.

Check the alignment of track and fix it in position with 3 long hard sheet metal screw or SS screws.

Seal the gap between jamb and track with sealant of approved brand and color.

 Sealant application shall be done neatly by protecting other finishes.

  Post window track fixing:

Do check line level and plumb of fixed track.

Check for any defects like bend, dent and peeling of powder coating etc.

Check wool pile fixed properly into the tracks.

Sliding window Panel  Preparatory Works: 

Check all window panels for their alignment.

Check EPDM rubber gasket is fixed uniformly on panel, glasses are defect free.

Check cutting of lock strips on panel is done correctly by placing lock strip over it. No visible gap shall be there in panel and lock strip.

Check rollers are defect free and working correctly.

Check the powder coating on panel for any damages.

Panel shall be free from dents, bends and any visible defect etc.

Check mosquito mesh is not loosely fitted and is of aluminium.

Sliding window Panel Fixing:

Check the location of panel and direction prior inserting it into track.

Insert the panel to the top track.

By holding panel, position it to bottom groove to fit the panel on to bottom track.

 Ensure the panel sits correctly on bottom track.

Ensure the panel fit properly on to the top track.

Ensure panel configuration is as per the approved drawing.

Fix the locks on panels and track.

Post sliding window Panel Fixing:

Check window panels are operating smoothly.

No gaps between panels and in panel and frame after closing window.

Locks are operational.

Fixed glass panel installation:

Place the glass panel on bottom track inside the aluminium beading.

Fix the aluminium beading at the top and secure it.

Fix side beading on panel.

Seal the gap in glass panel and beading with EPDM rubber gasket.

Friction hinge panel fixing (Top bottom hung window):

Check the direction of window opening before fixing.

Friction stays should be fixed with adequate number of stainless steel screws.

Seal the screw with sealant to ensure water tightness.

Fix the lock handle and check its operation.

Alignment and operation should be checked before and after fixing.

Team

CBEC India

Rate Analysis of M25 Concrete Manual Mix and (Ready Mix Concerte) RMC

M25 Concrete Analysis.

Hello All, 

As we are seen in last few blogs of Rate analysis we are giving detailed Description of Rate analysis, as well as we are providing the Excel file Along with this blog.

In this blog we are going to See the analysis of Most usable concrete Grade.

Why most Usable?

M25 Grade is a Middle grafe whuch is commonly use in building or any other construction industry.

Industry's uses of M25.

1. Residential : Most of structural designer s are preferring M25 concrete. because it can be used at any level like Footing, Column, Beam, Staircase and mostly in Slab.

M25 Concrete required more than other grade concrete in any residential project. 

2. Commercials : Most of Slab can be cast in M25 Grade  Concrete.

3. Infrastructure : Most of Conctere Roads are Done by M25 Concrete. If you are searching goverment tenders you can observe that most of time Lots of tenders are included M25 concrete.

4. Industrial : Many Industrial building is Using Trimix work insted of normal flooring because of heavy movement. In this type of building designers are preferred M25 Concrete.

As well as we can say this Universal Grade of Concrete.

M25 can be fit at every stage.Like.

1. Column

2. Beam

3. Slab

4. Staircase

5. Trimix

6. Road.

8. Retaining Wall

9. Raft.

10 Footing.

11. Trenches

12. Drains

13. RCC Wall

14. Non structural Wall

15. Cover Blocks (It need 1 grade higher than actual concrete, but lot of users are using M25 grade.)

16. Infra Work, Etc.

Requirement of Material for M25 Grade Concrete.

1. Cement OPC (43/53 Grade Cement)

2. Crush Sand / River Sand

3. 10mm Coarse Aggregate/ Metal

4. 20mm Coarse Aggregate/Metal

5. Admixture

6. Water

7.Fly Ash (As per Requirements)

As shown in picture we are making the analysis of M25 Concrete.

This Analysis is prepared for 1 Cum Concrete Quantity.

Before analysis we need to see the market rate of Above mentioned material as we had considered following rates here, those rates are as belows.

Cement : ₹235 + 18/% GST Per Bag

Crush Sand : ₹3000.00 + 5% GST Per Brass

10mm Metal : ₹2500.00 + 5% GST Per Brass

20mm Metal : ₹2500.00 + 5% GST Per Brass

Admixture : ₹32 +18% GST Per Litre

Water : ₹ 0.08 + 18% GST Per Litre.

Above rates are can be varies as per geographically locations and Specifications.

If you need to calculate more Quantity You can download excel sheet.

Material required for 1 Cum

1. Cement : 6.90 Bag/Cum 

2. Crush Sand : 0.324 Brass/Cum

3. 10mm Metal : 0.154 Brass/Cum

4. 20mm Metal : 0.251 Brass/Cum

5. Admixture : 2.070 Brass/Cum

6. Water : 162 Liter Brass/Cum

Here we need to Consider some wastage percentage like Handling Wastage and Wastage during work.

1. Cement : 3%

2. Crush Sand : 7%

3. 10mm Metal : 7%

4. 20mm Metal : 7%

5. Admixture : 5%

6. Water : 5%

If we get all above data now we can be make Rate analysis

 

Rate Analysis for M25 Grade Concrete - Manual Mix

Material

1. Cement : 7.10 X ₹235 = ₹1670.15

2. Crush Sand : 0.3464 X ₹3000 = ₹1039.29

3. 10mm Metal : 0.1647 X ₹3000 = ₹411.82

4.20mm Metal : 0.2688 X ₹3000 = ₹671.97

5.Admixture : 2.1735 X ₹32 = ₹69.55

6. Water : 170.10X ₹ 0.08 = ₹13.61

Material Total Amount : ₹ 3876.38

Labour

M25 Concreting Labour  : ₹ 450 / Per Cubic Meter 

(For Quantity More than 40 Cum)

Total Amount ( Material + Labour ) = ₹4326.38 + Taxes.

But here you can be add Overhead cost of following 

1.Plant and Machinery, 

2. Water

3. Electricity

4.Other overheads

and Contractors profits.

Same thing we can be done for M 25 Ready mix concrte but here we are only consider in material cost as following

M25 Ready Mix Concrete : 1.00 Cubic Meter + 2% Wastage

Rate :  ₹3728.82 + 18% GST

Material Amount : ₹3803.40

(Concrete Pump will be provided free of cost if quantity is more than 40 Cum)

Labour : ₹350/ Cubic Meter (For quantity more than 40 Cum)

Total Amount of M25 Ready Mix Concrete for 1 Cubic Meter : ₹4153.40 + Taxes

Here you can download The Excel sheet with formula.

Team 

CBEC India

External Painting Work - Standard Operating Procedures

Introduction:

This standard operating procedure enumerates the scope of Painting work to be executed in Tower area as specified in the approved drawings and at places when instructed by the Tower-in-charge.

Responsibility:  

The respective Tower-in-charge is responsible to execute the work as per procedure.

Safety & protection:

Use scaffolding always and ensure the scaffolding is adequately braced with the permanent structure, for working at heights. Unless it is tagged as safe for use by Safety Officer no work should be carried out on that scaffold area.

PPEs like safety belts at height, helmets, safety goggles etc. should be used properly. 

Ensure the working area is kept clean for easy access.

Proper illumination to be provided during the work, if required.

Educate the workmen through pep-talk meeting. 

External Painting with Texture:

Preparatory works:

 Do staging for external works as per approved specifications.  

 Ensure all touch ups on external faces are done, if any such as repairs at jambs, any bad patch on wall and cutouts etc. Do cure the repaired portion.

 Ensure that surface to be painted is free from any dust, loose paint or grease.

 If any growth of fungus, algae or moss observed, need to be removed thoroughly by vigorous wire brushing and cleaning with water.

 Open all cracks which are present on wall surface.

 Moisten the wall surface, make paste of Dr. Fixit CRACK-X paste and water in proportion of 1:1 and fill it in crack with spatula or putty knife firmly by pressing in.

 Allow it to set for 24 hours.

 Make all surface wet to ensure proper bonding and ease in finishing.

 Do protect other external finishes prior starting painting application.

Texture Application:

 Check for the type of texture received is as per approved specification.

 For External faces of Tower use 2mm texture and for Internal faces such as lobby and light-well ducts use 1mm texture.

 Use of safety belts for working at height is must, ensure all workmen use it.

 Add water in texture as prescribed by manufacturer (3 to 5%) to achieve required consistency.

For Scratch Finish: 

Apply the texture on wall uniformly with the help of trowel in horizontal or vertical fashion whichever is easier.

 Within 5 minutes of application re-trowel the surface vertically down to achieve the desired finish of texture.

 Allow it to dry for minimum 16 hours prior application of paint.

 After completion of texture, do check for its design pattern, consistency as per specification.

 Do check application of texture is done on wall surface correctly and no patches are remained.

 Ensure all fallen material is cleaned.

For Bubble Finish: 

Apply the texture on wall uniformly with the help spraying machine.

 After Application achieve desired finish by pressing with moist trowel on applied texture.

 Allow it to dry for minimum 16 hours prior application of paint.

 After completion of texture, do check for its design pattern, consistency as per specification.

 Do check application of texture is done on wall surface correctly and no patches are remained.

 Ensure all fallen material is cleaned.

1st and 2nd Coat of Paint:

 Check the paint received at site is as per specification and approved drawing.

 Add the clear water in paint as specified by manufacturer.

 Apply the paint on wall using roller brush.

 At corners apply paint with painting brush.

 Ensure the two paints which met at corner do not overlap each other and finished in straight line.

 After completion of first coat do check the painted surface for consistent tone.

 2nd coat shall be applied only after getting instruction from Tower-in-charge.

External Painting with Paint:

Preparatory works:

 Do staging for external works as per approved specifications.  

 Ensure all touch ups on external faces are done, if any such as repairs at jambs, any bad patch on wall and cutouts etc. Do cure the repaired portion.

 Ensure that surface to be painted is free from any dust, loose paint or grease.

 If any growth of fungus, algae or moss observed, need to be removed thoroughly by vigorous wire brushing and cleaning with water.

 Open all cracks which are present on wall surface.

 Moisten the wall surface, make paste of Dr. Fixit CRACK-X paste and water in proportion of 1:1 and fill it in crack with spatula or putty knife firmly by pressing in.

 Allow it to set for 24 hours.

 Make all surface wet to ensure proper bonding and ease in finishing.

 Do protect other external finishes prior starting painting application.

Primer Application:

 Check for the type of primer received is as per approved specification.

 Use of safety belts for working at height is must, ensure all workmen use it.

 Add water in primer as prescribed by manufacturer to achieve required consistency.

Apply the primer on prepared wall surface with roller brush and at corners with painting brush.

Do check for consistent tone of applied primer after completion.

1st and 2nd Coat of Paint:

 Check the paint received at site is as per specification and approved drawing.

 Add the clear water in paint as specified by manufacturer.

 Apply the paint on wall using roller brush.

 At corners apply paint with brush.

 Ensure the two paints which met at corner do not overlap each other and finished in straight line.

 After completion of first coat do check the painted surface for consistent tone.

 2nd coat shall be applied only after getting instruction from Tower-in-charge.

IS Codes

List of IS Codes

1. IS: 1343 – 1980  Prestressed Concrete

2. IS: 10297 - 1982 Design and Construction of Floors and Roofs using Precast Reinforced/Prestressed Concrete Ribbed or Cored Slab units.

3. IS: 6006-1983 Uncoated Stress relived Strand for Prestressed concrete

4. IS: 11205-1984 Classification and Terminology of Textile floor coverings

5. IS: 8520 – 1977 Guide for selection of industrial safety equipment for eye, face and ear protection.

6. IS: 8519 – 1977 Guide for selection of industrial safety equipment for body protection

7. IS: 1566 – 1967 Hard – Drawn steel wire Fabric for concrete reinforcement

8. IS: 6313 (Part-III) 1981 Anti-Terminate measures in buildings Part-III Treatment for existing buildings

9. IS: 8500 – 1977 Weldable Structural Steel (medium and high strength quality)

10. IS: 1080 – 1985 Shallow foundations in soils (other than Raft, Ring and Shell) –(2 copies)

11. IS: 822 – 1970 Inspection of welds

12. IS: 8009 (Part-I) - 1976 Calculation of settlements of foundations.

13. IS: 8009 (Part-II) – 1980 Calculation of settlements of foundations. (2 copies)

14. IS: 1904 – 1986 Design and Construction of foundations in soils

15. IS: 383 – 1970 Coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete.

16. IS: 6403 – 1981 Determination of bearing capacity of shallow foundations

17. IS: 6313 (Part-II) 1981 Anti-Termite measures in buildings

18. IS: 10042 – 1981 Site Investigations for foundation in gravel – boulder deposit.

19

IS: 280 - 1978

Mild Steel wire for general engineering purposes.

20

IS: 432 (Part-I) 1982

Mild Steel and medium tensile steel bars and hard – drawn steel wire for

concrete reinforcement

21

IS: 9143 - 1979

Determination of unconfined compressive strength of rock materials

22

IS: 10379 - 1982

Field control of moisture and compaction of soils for embankment and

subgrade

23

IS: 1489 (Part – 1) 1991

Portland – Pozzolana cement – specification (fly ash based)

24

IS: 1489 (Part-2)1991

Portland – Pozzolana cement – specification (calcined clay based)

25

IS: 7272 (Part – 1) 1974

Labour output constants for building work (north zone)

26

IS: 8142 - 1976

Determining setting time of concrete by penetration resistance

27

IS: 4984 – 1995

High Density Polyethylene pipes for water supply - specification

28

IS: 1477 (Part-1) 1971

Painting of Ferrous metals in buildings (Pretreatment)

29

IS: 1477 (Part-2) 1971

Painting of Ferrous metals in buildings (Painting)

30

IS: 1893 (Part-1)

Explanatory Examples on Indian Seismic

31

IS: 650 : 1991

Standard Sand for Testing Cement – Specificaiton

32

IS: 7634 (Part-1) 1975

Plastic Pipe work for portable water5 supplies (Choice of materials and

general recommendations)

33

IS: 2505 : 1992

Concrete vibrators – Immersion Type-General Requirements

34

IS: 4014 (Part-1) 1967

Steel Tubular Scaffolding (Definitions and materials )

35

IS: 9013 – 1978

Method of making, Curing and determining compressive strength of

accelerated-cured concrete test specimens.

36

IS: 14268 : 1995

Uncoated stress relieved low relaxation seven-ply strand for prestressed

concrete-specification.

37

IS: 9595 : 1996

Metal – Arc welding of carbon and carbon manganese steels –

recommendation.

38

IS: 2911 (Part-4) 1985

Design and construction of Pile foundations (Load Test on Piles)

39

IS: 459-1992

Corrugated and Semi-corrugated Asbestas Cement sheets specification.

40

IS: 8142-1976

Determining setting time of concrete by penetration resistance.

41

IS: 2062-1992

Steel for General Structural purposes – specification

42

IS: 4082-1996

Stacking and storage of construction materials and components at siterecommendations. – 2 copies

43

IS: 801-1975

Use of cold-formed light Gauge steel structural members in general

building construction.

44

IS:2720 (part-17) 1986

Methods of test for soils (part-17) Laboratory Determination of

Permeability.

45

IS: 4326-1993

Earthquake Resistant Design and Construction of Buildings

46

IS: 14268 : 1995

Uncoated stress relieved low relaxation seven – Ply strand for

Prestresssed concrete – Specification – 2 copies

47

IS: 15284 (Part-1) 2003

Design and construction for ground Improvement-guidelines-part 1 (stone

columns)

48

IS: 4985 : 2000

Unplasticized PVC Pipes for Potable water supplies – specification

49

IS: 3103 - 1975

Industrial Ventilation

50

IS: 2470 (part-1) 1985

Installation of Septic Tanks (Part-1) Design criteria and construction

51

IS: 2502 - 1963

Bending and fixing of bars for concrete reinforcement.

52

IS: 432-1982

Mild Steel and medium Tensile Steel Bars and hard-Drawn Steel wire for

concrete Reinforcement (part-1) Mild Steel and medium Tensile steel Bars

53

IS: 875 (part-4) 1987

Design loads (other than earthquake ) for buildings and structures (part-4)

snow loads.

54

IS: 7317-1993

Uniaxial Jacking Test for modules of Deformation of rock.

55

IS: 2440:1975

Daylighting of Buildings

56

IS: 1786-1985

High Strength deformed steel bars and wires for concrete reinforcement.

57

IS: 7861 (Part-II) 1981

Extreme weather concreting (Part – II) recommended Practice for cold

weather concreting.

58

IS: 3812 - 1981

Specification for Fly ash for use as pozzolara and Admixture.

59

IS:2911 (Part–I) Sec I)-1979

Design and construction of Pile foundations (part – 1) concrete piles

section : Driven Cost in situ concrete piles.

60

IS: 9103 - 1999

Concrete Admixtures – Specification.

61

IS: 269 : 1989

Ordinary Portland Cement, 33 grade- specification.

62

IS: 10262 - 1982

Recommended Guidelines for concrete mix design.

63

IS: 3770 (P-1) 1965

Concrete structure for the storage of liquids (Part – 1,2)

64

IS: 3812 - 1981

Fly ash for use as pozzolana an admixture.

65

IS: 6006-1983

Uncoated stress relieved strand for prestressed concrete.

66

IS: 269-1989

Ordinary Portland cement 33 grade – specification.

67

SP-7: 1983 (Part-IV)

National Building code of India – 1983

68

IS - 8329 : 2000

Centrifugally cast (span) ductile Iron pressure Pipes for water, gas and

Sewage-Specification.

69

IS - 1254 : 1991

Corrugated Aluminium Sheet – Specification.

70

IS:875 (Part-1) - 1987

Dead loads – Unit weights of building materials and stored materials.

71

IS: 1893 (Part –1) 2002

Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures

72

IS: 13072 ; 1991

Sulphur Hexafluoride for Electrical purposes – Specification

73

IS: 875 (Part – 5)-1987

Design loads for buildings and structures

74

IS: 11973-1986

Treatment of rock foundations, core and abutment contacts with rock, for

embankment dams

75

IS: 12955 (Part-2) 1990

IN-SITU Determination of rock mass deformability using a flexible

dilatometer

76

IS: 13365 (Part-2) 1992

Quantitative classification systems of rock mass – guidelines

77

IS: 2911 (Part – III) 1980

Design and construction of pile foundations (Under-Reamed piles)

78

IS: 1566 - 1982

Specification for Hard-Drawn steel wire fabric for concrete reinforcement

79

IS: 875 (Part-2) 1987

Design loads for buildings and structures (Imposed Loads)

80

IS: 2132-1986

Thin welded tube sampling of soils

81

IS: 12955 (Part-2) 1990

IN-SITU determination of rock mass deformability using a flexible

dilatometer (with radial displacement)

82

IS: 1641 - 1988

Fire safety of building (General)

83

IS: 875 (Part-1) 1987

Design loads for buildings and structures

84

IS: 1893 (Part – 1) 2002

Criteria for Earthquake resistant design of structures – 2 copies

85

IS: 4926 : 2003

Ready Mixed concrete

86

IS: 14687: 1999

False work for Concrete Structures – Guidelines

87

IS: 1893 - 1984

Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures – 2 copies

88

IS: 2911 (Part – III) 1980

Design and construction of pile foundations (Under Reamed Piles)

89

IS: 800 - 1984

General construction in steel – 4 copies

90

IS: 10589 – 1983

Specification for equipment for subsurface sounding of soils

91

IS: 14268 : 1995

Uncoated Stress Relieved low relaxation seven-ply strand for prestressed

concrete - specification

92

IS: 800 : 2007

General construction in steel

93

IS: 3443 - 1980

Specification for Crane rail sections

94

IS: 2386 (Part-I-V) 1963

Test for Aggregates for concrete

95

IS: 3043 - 1987

Code of practice for earthing - 2 copies

97

IS: 3419 - 1989

Fittings for rigid non- metallic conduits

98

IS: 14900 - 2000

Transparent float glass

99

IS: 811 - 1987

Cold formed light gauge structural steel sections

100 IS: 9595 : 1996

Metal-Arc welding of carbon and carbon manganese steels

101 IS: 875 (Part – 3) 1987

Design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and structures

102 IS: 2026 (Part II) 1977

Power Transformers, Part-II Temperature - Rise

103 IS: 9537 (Part I) 1980

Conduits for Electrical Installations ( General Requirements )

104 IS: 694 - 1990

PVC Insulated cables for working voltages up to and in including 1100

volts

105 IS: 7098 (Part-I) 1988

Cross linked polyethylene insulated PVC sheathed cables.

106 IS: 5613 (Part I/ Sec I) 1985

Design, installation and maintenance of overhead power lines

107 IS: 335 : 1993

New Insulating Oils

108 IS: 732 - 1989

Electrical Wiring installations

109 IS: 1391 (part 2) 1992

Room Air Conditioners (Split Air Conditioners)

110 IS: 2720 (Part 8) 1983

Methods of test for soils

111 IS: 2720 (Part 5) 1985

Methods of test for soils

112 IS: 2190 : 1992

Selection, Installation and maintenance of first-aid fire extinguishers

113 IS: 12070 - 1987

Design and construction of shallow foundations on rocks

114 IS: 1554 (Part 1) 1988

PVC insulated (Heavy Duty) Electric Cables

115 IS: 1904 - 1986

Design and construction of foundations in soils

116

Specification for mechanically produced blanketing material for railway

formation

117

Durability of Concrete Structures

118

Hand book of Concrete Reinforcement and deatiling

119

Supply, Installation, testing and commissioning of E&M fire detection , fire

suppression.

120

Guidelines for Blanket Layer Provision on Track Formation

121

Solid rolled Multiple wear wheels for electric and diesel locomotives

122

25 mm Thick Nylon cord reinforced elastomeric pad for steel channel

sleepers

123

Hand book on water supply and drainage

124

Welding Techniques

125

Hot Coiled Helical Springs used on mainline coaches EMU stock

126 T-19/ 1994

Manual for fusion welding of rails by the Alumino – Thermic process

127

Structural Concrete construction

128

Handbook on Structures with steel portal frames

129

Prefabricated vertical PVC drainage system for construction of

embankment on compressible soft soil

130

Particular Specifications (Structural Steel Work)

131

Axles for diesel and electric locomotives, EMU motor coaches and

powered axles of rail cars

132 T-39

Concrete Sleeper

133

Method of load test on soils

134

Train Operations

135

Load Test (Kentledge Method)

136

Precast concrete pipes

137 IS: 1172 - 1993

Basic requirements for water supply, drainage and sanitation

138 IS: 2064 : 1993

Selection, Installation and maintenance of sanitary appliances

139

State of the art report on provision of blanket on railway formations

140

Centrifuge based evaluation of pile foundation response to lateral

spreading and mitigation strategies

141 IS: 2026 (Part – 5) 1994

Power Transformers

142 IS: 2026 (Part – 4) 1977

Specification for power transformers

143 IS: 7098 (Part 2) 1985

Cross linked polyethylene insulated PVC Sheeted Cables

144 IS: 7098 (Part 1) 1988

Cross linked polyethylene insulated theermoplastic Sheathed cables

145

Mechanically Produced Blanketing material for railway formations

146 IS: 2026 (Part I) 1977

Specification for power Transformers (General) – 2 Copies

147

Manual for ultrasonic testing of rails and welds

148 IS: 2026 (Part III) 1981

Specification for power transformers (Insulation, Levels, Dielectric tests)

149 IS: 10028 (Part II) 1981

Selection, installation and maintenance of transformers (Installation)

150 IS: 8009 - 1976

Calculation of Settlement of foundations

151 IS: 2950(Part 1) 1981

Design and construction of raft foundations (Design)

152

Mechanically produced blanketing material for railway formations

153

Metal ARC Welding in structural steel bridges carrying rail

154

Track Ballast - III

155

Flat Bottom Railway Rails

156

Steel Tables

157

Durability of Concrete Structures

158

Guidelines on soft soils stage construction method

159

Guidelines for earthwork in railway projects

160

Handbook on functional requirements of industrial buildings

161

Handbook on structures with steel portal frames

162

Guidelines for Cuttings in Railway Formations

163

Concept and design of reinforced earth structures

164

Handbook on concrete reinforcement and detailing

165 IS: 4885 - 1988

Specification for Sewer Bricks

166 IS: 2974 (Part I) 1982

Design and construction of machine foundations

167 IS: 908 - 1975

Fire Hydrant, Stand Post Type

168 IS: 12093-1987

Laying and Fixing of sloped roof covering using plant and corrugated

galvanized steel sheets

169 IS: 4631 - 1986

Laying of Epoxy resin floor toppings

170 IS: 5491 - 1969

Laying in Situ granolithic concrete floor topping

171 IS: 2571 - 1970

Laying IN – SITU cement concrete flooring.

172 IS: 4971 - 1968

Selection of Industrial floor finishes

173 IS: 8500 - 1977

Weldable structural steel

174 IS: 811 - 1987

Table of Z – selection

175

General and subsidiary rules with appendices

176

Compendium of Indian Standards on Soil Engineering (Part 1)

177 IS: 1255 - 1983

Installation and maintenance of power cables up to and including 33 kv

178

Standard Method of testing Piles Under Static Axial Compressive Load

179

Design of Composite Steel concrete Structures

180 T- 39

Standard Specification of PSC Sleepers for BG & MG

181

Handbook on functional requirements of industrial Buildings

182

Engineering of Pile Installations

183 IS: 2571-1970

Laying IN-SITU cement concrete flooring

184 IS: 2792-1964

Design and construction of stone slab over joist floor

185 IS: 2720 (Part-II) 1993

Methods of test for soils

186 IS: 2911 (Part-I/ Sec-

1,2,3&4))

Indian Standard for Code of Practice for Design and Construction of Pile

Foundations

187 IS: 1888-1992

Method of Load Test on Soils

188 IS: 456-1978

Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete

189 IS: 783 - 1985

Laying of Concrete Pipes

190

Handbook on Soil Engineering for Railway Engineers

Surat Chennai Greenfield Experssway in Solapur District

National Highway authority of India given permission to start the New express way from chennai to Surat.

Thus rout us passing from 4 state Like Gujrat, Maharashtra, Telengana, Hyderabad and Tamilnadu. 

Whuch is most beneficial for lot of business and lof of farmers which are developing his farm.

Surat and chennai both are ports where lot of good are expirted to another country. which can be easy due to this rout as anyone can export or supply his good, fruits and othe material to surat as well as chennai. 

This rout can be open big opportunity to thus state people's and which can be more advantage to youth.

As well as another side there is Drawback as lot of farmers lost his farm due to this road. anyway government is giving benifit 5 times of farm cost under land acquisition. 

Now we see some highlights of thus proposed road.

Total Estimated Cost : ₹54000 Crore.

Length of Road : 1600 Km

No of Lanes : 6 Lanes

Proposed Speed : 120km/hr

Proposed Finish Date : 2025

Distance from Maharashtra : Approx. 483 km

Surat to Ahmadnagar road map is final and Solapur to Chennai is almost final but There is AhmadNagar to Solapur rout is still pendind, There is Some Survey is already done.

NAHI given letter with survey number for land acquisition but still there is some another survey is doing by NAHI due to check another possibile route. 

So we are requested to all This is just survey. government will give all the legal documents to all affected people's before start the work. as well as government will give benefit for land acquisition.

Here we are send some photos of last survey done by NAHI at Solapur District. 

Name of Surat Chennai Greenfiled (Surat- Nashik- Ahmednagar- Solapur) will be Proposed as NH150C

WHAT IS BUILT UP AREA, CARPET AREA, SUPER BUILTUP AREA?

TOWER  

FLAT  NOS. AS PER SALE PLAN

UNIT TYPE

CARPET AREA INCLUDING 

BALCONY/SITOUT

BUILT UP AREA INCL. BALCONY/SITOUT

TERRACES BUILT UP AREA

TOTAL BUILT UP AREA INCL. BALCONY (A)

COMMON AREA (B) (% OF A)

SHARED COMMON AREA ( C ) ( % OF A)

TOTAL SBA D = (A+B+C)

CARPET AREA PER UNIT (E)

EFFICIENCY = (E/D)X100

Carpet Area is the area enclosed within the walls, actual area to lay the carpet. 

This area does not include the thickness of the inner walls. It is the actual used area of an apartment/office unit/showroom etc. 

•Built up Area is the carpet area plus the thickness of outer walls and the balcony. 

•Super Built Up Area is the built up area plus proportionate area of common areas such as the lobby, lifts shaft, stairs, etc. 

The plinth area along with a share of all common areas proportionately divided amongst all unit owners makes up the Super Built-up area. Sometimes it may also include the common areas such, 

swimming pool, garden, clubhouse, etc. This term is therefore only applicable in the case of multi-dwelling units.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

carpet area is the actual usable area which the user gets to use. Built-up area consists of area outside your house, staircase, elevator, etc which can constitute upto 25% of the area.

Example: if you buy a 1000 sq.ft built-up area, you will actually get to use only 750 sq.ft.

Super built-up is area for the parapet, podium, garden,etc, all of which is charged at market price and can constitute upto 40% of the area.

It is ILLEGAL to sell property at anything other than carpet area because while 

developing the land, the developer is not charged FSI for the built-up area, garden, 

parking space,etc. So if anyone is charging you for anything other than carpet area you have a right to complain to a redressal forum like consumer protection.

1. Carpet area - The actual area you use. The area on which ‘you can put a carpet’.

2. Built up area - Carpet area + area of walls and ducts. Around 10% more than the carpet area. A terrace is considered as half the actual area for calculating built up area. 

Some projects charge dry terrace same as internal rooms.

3. Super built up / Saleable area - Built up area + markup for common spaces like lifts and stairs. Usually 25% more than the built up area.

Team 

CBEC India